Risk Factors for Colonic Perforation after Screening Computed Tomographic Colonography: A Multicentre Analysis and Review of the Literature

Abstract

Background Computed tomographic (CT) colonography (or ‘virtual’ colonoscopy) has become an increasingly popular tool for colorectal cancer screening. Colonic perforation, an uncommon complication, is a risk that has not been widely reported. Methods A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify all reported risk factors for colonic perforation following CT colonography. In addition, a retrospective multicentre study was undertaken, evaluating all CT colonographies in 10 major metropolitan tertiary referral centres. All colonic perforations were assessed for risk factors. Results A range of ‘patient’-related and ‘procedure’-related risk factors were identified in the literature. Among 3458 CT colonographies, there were two cases of colonic perforation contributing to an incidence of perforation of 0.06%. There was no statistical correlation between the incidence of perforation and institutional experience ( P = 0.66). Risk factors common to both cases and the literature included age, recent colonoscopy and manual colonic insufflation. Diverticular disease and recent colonic biopsy were also notable factors. Conclusion There is a small but real risk of perforation following CT colonography. Patient selection and preventative procedural measures may reduce this risk. The importance of the consent process is emphasized.