Epidemiological characteristics of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the Udmurt Republic

Abstract

Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a severe, potentially disabling ophthalmic pathology that requires timely surgical treatment to prevent progressive loss of vision.Purpose. To analyze the incidence of RRD in the Udmurt Republic for the three-year period and to study an influence of clinical and sociodemographic factors to an occurrence of the studied pathology.Methods. Retrospective assessment of 523 clinical cases of the first time diagnosed primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment for the period from 2019 to 2021 was conducted. Data analysis was performed on the basis of the Republican Ophthalmological Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Health of Udmurt Republic.Results. The overall annual average RRD in the Udmurt Republic was 11.5 per 100,000 inhabitants (95% CI, 10.7–11.9). Men on average is more often than women (37.37 vs 32.17 respectively, p < 0.05). However, in the group of 50 years and older the female sex prevails. The highest incidence was found in the age group of 60–69 years in both sexes. A right eye was affected more often (51.43%) than a left one (45.89%) but equally in both men and women (p = 0.515). In the most subjects (50.48%) refraction was myopic. It was found that the age of myopes among all the patients with RRD was statistically significantly less than among hypermetropes (p = 0.008) and emmetropes (p < 0.001). Previous cataract extraction was noted in 21.22% that was 2.38 times more often in men (28%) than in women (15%, p < 0.001) and the age was comparable.Conclusion. The obtained results of the rhegmatogenous retinal detachment incidence among the population of the Udmurt Republic are comparable with the incidence data of the most countries in Western Europe. The most significant risk factors for Udmurtia are male gender, old age, myopia and pseudophakia.