A PKC that controls polyphosphate levels, pinocytosis and exocytosis, regulates stationary phase onset in Dictyostelium

Abstract

ABSTRACT Many cells can pause their growth cycle, a topic much enriched by studies of the stationary phase (SP) of model microorganisms. Although several kinases are implicated in SP onset, whether protein kinase C has a role remains unknown. We show that Dictyostelium discoideum cells lacking pkcA entered SP at a reduced cell density, but only in shaking conditions. Precocious SP entry occurs because levels of extracellular polyphosphate (polyP) reach the threshold needed to induce the SP onset at a lower cell density than seen in wild-type cells; adding exopolyphosphatase to pkcA− cells reverses the effect and mimics wild-type growth. PkcA-mediated regulation of polyP depended on inositol hexakisphosphate kinase and phospholipase D. PkcA− mutants also had higher F-actin levels, higher rates of exocytosis and lower pinocytosis rates. Postlysosomes were smaller and present in fewer pkcA− cells compared to the wild type. Overall, the results suggest that a reduced PkcA level triggers SP primarily because cells do not acquire or retain nutrients as efficiently, thus mimicking, or amplifying, the conditions of actual starvation. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.