Novel functions of the CD34 family
Author:
Nielsen Julie S.1, McNagny Kelly M.2
Affiliation:
1. Trev and Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Avenue, Victoria, BC, Canada V8R 6V5 2. The Biomedical Research Centre, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
Abstract
For almost 30 years, the cell-surface protein CD34 has been widely used as a marker to assist in the identification and isolation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitors in preparation for bone-marrow transplantation. In addition, it has increasingly been used as a marker to help identify other tissue-specific stem cells, including muscle satellite cells and epidermal precursors. Despite its utility as a stem-cell marker, however, the function of CD34 has remained remarkably elusive. This is probably because: (1) it is subject to a range of tissue-specific post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications that are expected to alter its function dramatically; (2) the simple interpretation of CD34 gain- and loss-of-function experiments has been confounded by the overlapping expression of the two recently discovered CD34-related proteins podocalyxin and endoglycan; and (3) there has been a glaring lack of robust in vitro and in vivo functional assays that permit the structural and functional analysis of CD34 and its relatives. Here, we provide a brief review of the domain structure, genomic organization, and tissue distribution of the CD34 family. We also describe recent insights from gain- and loss-of-function experiments and improved assays, which are elucidating a fascinating role for these molecules in cell morphogenesis and migration.
Publisher
The Company of Biologists
Reference96 articles.
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