A dynamic fate map of the forebrain shows how vertebrate eyes form and explains two causes of cyclopia

Abstract

Mechanisms for shaping and folding sheets of cells during development are poorly understood. An example is the complex reorganisation of the forebrain neural plate during neurulation, which must fold a sheet into a tube while evaginating two eyes from a single contiguous domain within the neural plate. We, for the first time, track these cell rearrangements to show that forebrain morphogenesis differs significantly from prior hypotheses. We postulate a new model for forebrain neurulation and demonstrate how mutations affecting two signalling pathways can generate cyclopic phenotypes by disrupting normal cell movements or introducing new erroneous behaviours.