Jumping performance of froghopper insects

Author:

Burrows Malcolm1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ,UK

Abstract

SUMMARYThe kinematics of jumping in froghopper insects were analysed from high speed sequences of images captured at rates up to 8000 s-1. In a jump, the attitude of the body is set by the front and middle legs, and the propulsion is delivered by rapid and synchronous movements of the hind legs that are 1.5 times longer than the other legs, but are only about half the length of the body and represent just 2% of the body mass. The wings are not moved and the front and middle legs may be raised off the ground before take-off. The hind legs are first cocked by a slow levation of the trochantera about the coxae so that the femora are pressed against the ventral, indented wall of the thorax, with the femoro-tibial joints tucked between the middle legs and body. Only the tips of the hind tarsi are in contact with the ground. In this position, the hind legs stay motionless for 1-2 s. Both trochantera are then synchronously and rapidly depressed about the coxae at rotational velocities of 75 500 deg. s-1 and the tibiae extended, to launch a jump that in Philaenus reaches a height of 700 mm, or 115 body lengths.In the best jumps by Philaenus, take-off occurs within 0.875 ms of the start of movements of the hind legs at a peak velocity of 4.7 m s-1 and involves an acceleration of 5400 m s-2,equivalent to 550 times gravity. This jumping performance requires an energy output of 136 μJ, a power output of 155 mW and exerts a force of 66 mN.

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

Insect Science,Molecular Biology,Animal Science and Zoology,Aquatic Science,Physiology,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Reference30 articles.

1. Alexander, R. M. (1995). Leg design and jumping technique for humans, other vertebrates and insects. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.347,235-248.

2. Baroni, U. C., Boyan, G. S., Blarer, A., Billen, J. and Musthak,A. T. M. (1994). A novel mechanism for jumping in the Indian ant Harpegnathos saltator (Jerdon) (Formicidae, Ponerinae). Experientia50,63-71.

3. Bennet-Clark, H. C. (1975). The energetics of the jump of the locust Schistocerca gregaria.J. Exp. Biol.63,53-83.

4. Bennet-Clark, H. C. and Alder, G. M. (1979). The effect of air resistance on the jumping performance of insects. J. Exp. Biol.82,105-121.

5. Bennet-Clark, H. C. and Lucey, E. C. A. (1967). The jump of the flea: a study of the energetics and a model of the mechanism. J. Exp. Biol.47,59-76.

Cited by 118 articles. 订阅此论文施引文献 订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献

同舟云学术

1.学者识别学者识别

2.学术分析学术分析

3.人才评估人才评估

"同舟云学术"是以全球学者为主线,采集、加工和组织学术论文而形成的新型学术文献查询和分析系统,可以对全球学者进行文献检索和人才价值评估。用户可以通过关注某些学科领域的顶尖人物而持续追踪该领域的学科进展和研究前沿。经过近期的数据扩容,当前同舟云学术共收录了国内外主流学术期刊6万余种,收集的期刊论文及会议论文总量共计约1.5亿篇,并以每天添加12000余篇中外论文的速度递增。我们也可以为用户提供个性化、定制化的学者数据。欢迎来电咨询!咨询电话:010-8811{复制后删除}0370

www.globalauthorid.com

TOP

Copyright © 2019-2024 北京同舟云网络信息技术有限公司
京公网安备11010802033243号  京ICP备18003416号-3