Odours detected by rhinophores mediate orientation to flow in the nudibranch mollusc, Tritonia diomedea

Abstract

SUMMARY Tritonia diomedea is a useful neuroethological model system that can contribute to our understanding of the neural control of navigation. Prior work on both sensory and locomotory systems is complemented by recent field experiments, which concluded that these animals primarily use a combination of odours and water flow as guidance cues. We corroborate these field results by showing similar navigation behaviours in a flow tank. Slugs crawled upstream towards both prey and conspecifics, and turned downstream after crawling into a section of the flow tank downstream of a predator. Controls without upstream odour sources crawled apparently randomly. We then tested whether these behaviours depend on odours detected by the rhinophores. Outflow from a header tank was used to generate prey, predator and unscented control odour plumes in the flow tank. Slugs with rhinophores crawled upstream towards a prey odour plume source, turned downstream in a predator odour plume, and showed no reaction to a control plume. Slugs without rhinophores behaved similarly to controls, regardless of odour plume type. Finally, we used extracellular recordings from the rhinophore nerve to demonstrate that isolated rhinophores are chemosensitive. Afferent activity increased significantly more after application of all three odour types than after unscented control applications. Responses were odour specific. We conclude that rhinophores mediate orientation to flow, and suggest that future work should focus on the integration of mechanosensation and chemosensation during navigation in T. diomedea.