Next-generation RNA sequencing of FFPE subsections reveals highly conserved stromal reprogramming between canine and human mammary carcinoma

Abstract

Spontaneous canine simple mammary carcinomas (mCA) are often viewed as models of human mCA. Cancer-associated stroma (CAS) is central for initiation and progression of human cancer, and is likely to play a key role in canine tumours as well. However, canine CAS lacks characterisation and it remains unclear how canine and human CAS compare. Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue constitutes a valuable resource of patient material, but chemical crosslinking has largely precluded its analysis by next-generation RNA sequencing (NGS). We have recently established a protocol to isolate CAS and normal stroma from archival FFPE tumours using laser-capture microdissection followed by NGS. Using this approach, we have analysed stroma from 15 canine mCA. Our data reveals strong reprogramming of canine CAS, and we demonstrate a high-grade molecular homology between canine and human CAS, and show that enrichment of upregulated canine CAS genes strongly correlates with the enrichment of an independently-derived human stromal signature in the TCGA breast tumour dataset. Relationships between different gene signatures observed in human breast cancer are largely maintained in the canine model, suggesting a close interspecies similarity in the network of cancer signaling circuitries. Finally, we establish the prognostic potential of the canine CAS signature in human samples, emphasizing the relevance of studying canine CAS as a model of the human disease. Concluding, we provide a proof-of-principle to analyse specific subsections of FFPE tissue by NGS, and compare stromal gene expression between human and canine mCA to reveal molecular drivers in CAS supporting tumour growth and malignancy.