Affiliation:
1. Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 595,SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden.
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) pathways are implicated in metazoan development, adult homeostasis and disease. TGFβ ligands signal via receptor serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate, and activate,intracellular Smad effectors as well as other signaling proteins. Oligomeric Smad complexes associate with chromatin and regulate transcription, defining the biological response of a cell to TGFβ family members. Signaling is modulated by negative-feedback regulation via inhibitory Smads. We review here the mechanisms of TGFβ signal transduction in metazoans and emphasize events crucial for embryonic development.
Publisher
The Company of Biologists
Subject
Developmental Biology,Molecular Biology
Cited by
725 articles.
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