When whorls collide: the development of hair patterns in frizzled 6 mutant mice

Abstract

Surface appendages such as bristles, feathers and hairs exhibit both long- and short-range order. In the frizzled 6 null (Fz6–/–) mouse the orientations of the earliest born hair follicles are uncorrelated, but over time the follicles reorient to create patterns that are characterized by a high degree of local order. By quantifying follicle orientations over time, in both living and fixed tissues, we define the time course of local hair follicle refinement and the resulting evolution of a montage of competing patterns in Fz6–/– skin. We observe an apparently local process that within one week can organize a field of many tens of thousands of follicles, generating long-range order that extends over distances of more than one centimeter. Physical systems that undergo an analogous ordering of vector components suggest potential mechanisms that might apply to the patterning of hair follicles and related biological structures.