Distinct spatiotemporal contribution of morphogenetic events and mechanical tissue coupling during Xenopus neural tube closure

Author:

Christodoulou Neophytos1ORCID,Skourides Paris A.1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. University of Cyprus Department of Biological Sciences , , P.O. Box 20537, 2109 Nicosia , Cyprus

Abstract

ABSTRACT Neural tube closure (NTC) is a fundamental process during vertebrate development and is indispensable for the formation of the central nervous system. Here, using Xenopus laevis embryos, live imaging, single-cell tracking, optogenetics and loss-of-function experiments, we examine the roles of convergent extension and apical constriction, and define the role of the surface ectoderm during NTC. We show that NTC is a two-stage process with distinct spatiotemporal contributions of convergent extension and apical constriction at each stage. Convergent extension takes place during the first stage and is spatially restricted at the posterior tissue, whereas apical constriction occurs during the second stage throughout the neural plate. We also show that the surface ectoderm is mechanically coupled with the neural plate and its movement during NTC is driven by neural plate morphogenesis. Finally, we show that an increase in surface ectoderm resistive forces is detrimental for neural plate morphogenesis.

Funder

European Regional Development Fund

Research and Innovation Foundation

H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions

Publisher

The Company of Biologists

Subject

Developmental Biology,Molecular Biology

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