Vertical Flight in the Greater Horseshoe Bat Rhinolophus Ferrumequinum

Abstract

The kinematics, aerodynamics and energetics of vertical flight in Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Schreber) are described. During the downstroke the resultant force generated by the wings tends to accelerate the animal upwards and forwards. Towards the end of the downstroke the wings generate negative thrust and, consequently, the animal accelerates backwards. When, during the upstroke, thewings are accelerated backwards (the ‘flick’) a significant thrust is generated. Total specific mechanical power is approximately 11.92 W kg−1, of which 84% is required during the downstroke.