Runas un valodas attīstības traucējumi, to korekcija un profilakse mūzikas terapijas praksē

Abstract

Language is the most important instrument of communication that permits to express thoughts, feelings, sensations, desires and needs and to describe and comprehend emotions. Music without words can evoke strong emotional reactions by directly affecting emotional centres in the brain. Playing of music instrument or even listening to music can create neuroplastic changes in brain by activating compensatory mechanisms. Whereas during the listening to the music that is pleasant and preferred by the client, dopamine is released which is necessary for creating new neuron connections in the brain. Music therapy provides possibilities of effective treatment, the decrement of complications and disorders, as well as learning and recovering of skills for both children and adults with various speech and language disorders. In Latvia the integrative eclectic approach is being developed in music therapy. It permits to apply both creative music therapy methods and techniques and receptive techniques that are based on listening to music. For children with speech and language disorders more suitable are creative music therapy techniques that facilitate the awareness of oneself and one’s resources, the improvement of interaction, cooperation and communication skills, emotional expressions and control, the development of the speech motor system and the improvement of language skills. Music therapy is one of the few treatment possibilities that includes simultaneous work on improving motor skills and recognition of emotional difficulties and their solving. It is essential for patients that stutter to get help in correcting along with the psychological and emotional support and help. For patients after a stroke and with aphasia of various origins recommended and effective for recovering and improving speech and language skills are Melodic intonation therapy, SIPARI®, listening to music, as well as playing music in both individual and group therapies. Playing music as multisensory activity which activates and connects such areas and systems in the brain that normally are not working together. Therefore, it can stimulate the overtaking of the lost skills by non-damaged brain parts and restores speech and language skills.