Comparison of stress orientation indicators in Chicxulub’s peak ring: Kinked biotites, basal PDFs, and feather features

Author:

Ebert* M.1,Poelchau M.H.1,Kenkmann T.1,Gulick S.P.S.2,Hall B.3,Lofi J.4,McCall N.2,Rae A.S.P.5

Affiliation:

1. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences–Geology, Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 23B, 79104 Freiburg, Germany

2. Center for Planetary Systems Habitability & Jackson School of Geosciences, Institute for Geophysics & Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Road Building ROC, Austin, Texas 78758, USA

3. Enthought, Inc., Austin, Texas 78701, USA

4. Géosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Antilles, Place E. Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier cedex 5, France

5. Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences–Geology, Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 23B, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, and Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EQ, UK

Abstract

ABSTRACT During hypervelocity impacts, target rocks are subjected to shock wave compression with high pressures and differential stresses. These differential stresses cause microscopic shear-induced deformation, which can be observed in the form of kinking, twinning, fracturing, and shear faulting in a range of minerals. The orientation of these shear-induced deformation features can be used to constrain the maximum shortening axis. Under the assumption of pure shear deformation, the maximum shortening axis is parallel to the maximum principal axis of stress, σ1, which gives the propagation direction of the shock wave that passed through a rock sample. In this study, shocked granitoids cored from the uppermost peak ring of the Chicxulub crater (International Ocean Discovery Program [IODP]/International Continental Drilling Project [ICDP] Expedition 364) were examined for structures formed by shearing. Orientations of kink planes in biotite and basal planar deformation features (PDFs) in quartz were measured with a U-stage and compared to a previous study of feather feature orientations in quartz from the same samples. In all three cases, the orientations of the shortening axis derived from these measurements were in good agreement with each other, indicating that the shear deformation features all formed in an environment with similar orientations of the maximum principal axis of stress. These structures formed by shearing are useful tools that can aid in understanding the deformational effects of the shock wave, as well as constraining shock wave propagation and postshock deformation during the cratering process.

Publisher

Geological Society of America

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