Compositional and diagenetic control of bed- to formational-scale deformation in siliceous sedimentary rocks, Santa Maria Basin, California

Abstract

ABSTRACT Rock properties play a critical role in dictating styles of deformation at all spatial scales, yet the effect of changes across and within diagenetic transition zones has been little studied, despite profound impact on resulting mechanical stratigraphy. Our analysis of the variation of fold strain at map scale and outcrop scale of the highly siliceous Monterey and Sisquoc Formations in the southern Santa Maria Basin, California, provides insight into the interplay among deformation, diagenesis, and rock composition. Diagenetic modification of these rocks has created intervals with high interstratal and interformational contrasts in competence. Map-scale analysis showed large variation in fold strain within the same area, with shortening values ranging from 5.5% to 21.1% between siliceous formations of different diagenetic grade and competence. Apparent shortening in the competent, diagenetically altered, thinly bedded Monterey Formation is twice as high as that in the overlying highly porous, diatomaceous, more massive Sisquoc Formation. The large difference in measurable apparent shortening suggests that the same amount of actual strain was chiefly accommodated by folding in the Monterey Formation versus horizontal compaction in the Sisquoc Formation, since there is no evidence of a detachment between the units. Strain analysis at outcrop scale provided insight into the ways in which both units express such different shortening ratios without having an unconformity or detachment fault between them.