Paleocene oceanic-island basalt−type magmatism in the Lhasa Block attests to decoupled mantle-crust deformation during Indian-Asian collision

Abstract

The post-collisional evolution of the Tibetan lithosphere is of paramount significance to our understanding of collisional orogeny. It is generally postulated that the Lhasa lithospheric mantle was horizontally shortened and thickened coherently with the overlying crust to form a physical barrier, preventing Indian subduction beneath Tibet until the thickened mantle root was foundered during the Miocene. This study first identifies post-collisional oceanic-island basalt (OIB)-type magmatism in the Lhasa Block (LB), as attested by zircon U-Pb age (ca. 58 Ma) and geochemistry—positive Nb-Ta anomalies, high La/Yb, and depleted bulk-rock Sr-Nd and zircon Hf isotopes, of diabase in the northern (inboard relative to Indus Suture) part of this block. Coupled with extensive early Paleogene arc-type magmatism in the southern-central LB and thermodynamic modeling, we suggest that these diabases were formed by partially molten upwelling asthenosphere near the base of continental crust, where much of the underlying lithospheric mantle had been removed due to Neo-Tethyan slab rollback and lithospheric delamination. Compared to OIB-type magmatism worldwide, the diabases investigated here were emplaced peculiarly in a region where the continental crust was under horizontal compression and shortening by coeval thrusting. Our study thus implies a decoupled deformation between the crust and mantle of the LB during the early Indian-Asian collision.