The Transformation of the Ethnic Pop Music Industry and the Negotiation of Cultural Identity

Abstract

Some scholars place too much emphasis on the role of capitalists and their capital in the development of the culture industry, while others view ethnic music as a stable ethnic identity. This chapter discusses how technology influences the development of the ethnic pop music industry in Indonesia. At the onset of the culture industry, the high cost of music production and distribution technologies resulted in a few producers dominating the market and limited options for listeners. Subsequently, advancements in technology decreased the cost of equipment, enabling Minang entrepreneurs and musicians to establish a thriving local music industry. The strong sense of cultural identity among Minang migrants outside West Sumatra has created a large market for this ethnic pop music. However, the relationship between music, identity, market, and business is constantly evolving, as the question of music as ethnic identity is often raised. Often, the success of musicians can lead to the acceptance of their music as ethnic music.