Abstract
A System is an intentionally designed, systematically organized, whole entity (e.g., an automobile, computer, smart building, etc.) that has one or more essential functions so that an individual and/or groups of people are thereby able to accomplish a set of important purposes. Furthermore, the functions, not the parts, are critical in defining a System. By means of their functions, the parts exist to allow people to accomplish significant purposes, not the other way around. A critical distinction is that a System's parts have functions while only humans as purposive individuals have purposes.
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