Establishing DST and Push-Pull Theory for Internationalization Best Practices in Higher Education

Abstract

The rapid socioeconomic growth of emerging countries, as well as the changing character of higher education services because of the Coronavirus epidemic, warrant rethinking the internationalization approach in higher education. In the age of inconsistency in internationalization policies, this chapter argues that dynamic systems theory (DST) can be adopted for implementing internationalization. It also explores push-pull dynamics, which can be utilized as an alternative to the classic push-pull theory to enhance the competitive advantage in this era of limited funds for higher institutions, and low turnout from international student mobility. The chapter concludes on the approach and recommendations that can assist in determining what to focus on and the future trends in higher education internationalization.