Epigenetic Regulation of Breast Cancer

Author:

Kumar Umesh1,Rathi Garima2,Sharma Lakshit3,Fakhri Khalid Umar4ORCID,Mavi Anil Kumar5,Goyal Jyoti6,Kumar Sumit7

Affiliation:

1. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, India

2. DPS Ghaziabad, India

3. IMS Ghaziabad, India

4. Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India

5. Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, India

6. IMS Ghaziabad University Courses Campus, India

7. National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India

Abstract

Breast cancer is a carcinoma of mammary glands, which starts off as abnormal proliferation of ductal cells. This could, then, become either benign tumours or metastatic carcinomas. It is one of the most common causes of deaths because of cancer, and is one of the most common types of cancer in women in the whole world. India along with the US and China accounts for one-third of the breast cancer burden. The breast cancer carcinogenesis is attributed to epigenetics, which is the study of the reversible changes in the phenotype without any change in the DNA sequence. Genes, which are concerned with proliferation, anti-apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis, have been seen undergoing epigenetic changes in breast cancer. Cancer can be caused either by global hypomethylation (causing activation of oncogenes and leading to chromosomal instability) or by locus-specific hypermethylation (causing repression of gene expression and genetic instability due to inactivation of DNA repair genes). Other epigenetic mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis are histone modification and nucleosomal remodeling.

Publisher

IGI Global

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