Affiliation:
1. Parul University, Vadodara, India
Abstract
Rapid depletion of fossil fuel-based energy sources increased the demand for alternate energy sources. Lignocellulosics-based 2G ethanol can be used as an alternative sustainable source that presents in ample amount. Sources of lignocellulose biomass are wood, food-agriculture wastes, and forest residues. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin are the core components of lignocellulosic biomass. Cellulosic and hemicellulosic biomass are enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce the monomer sugar (such as glucose or xylose) which is further converted into ethanol using fermentation process. The presence of lignin provides physical barrier that limit the access of enzymes required for saccharification. Pretreatment helps in removing the lignin from biomass and reducing recalcitrance. Pretreatment can be done by conventional methods, which are chemical, physical, and biological. This study covers the different methods of pretreatment including their disadvantages and benefits along with saccharification and fermentation processes.