Affiliation:
1. National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaâdi University, Morocco
2. Institut Supérieur International de Tourisme de Tanger, Morocco
Abstract
Distance learning is one of the promising areas of ICT technologies that can offer unprecedented opportunities for education more efficaciously than any other manner, delivering other opportunities to enhance skills, knowledge, qualifications of students, and assuring self-education. How can we form these digital learning environments so they're founded on particular epistemologies or knowledge bases? What is an essential pedagogical framework for web-based teaching and learning? This chapter mainly presents the challenges of distance learning caused by the obstacles of distance learning's integration. It provides readers with an overview of learning theories relevant to the epistemological and pedagogical aspects down to their specific application to distance learning. The current state of the art for distance learning models based on pedagogical objectives will be presented. Finally, this chapter tackles some of most widely-used instructional design models, defines their principles, and offers a series of recommendations to enhance creative thought processes.
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