Materials, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, and Limitations in Hydrogel Forming

Abstract

The 3D printing or organ printing is a continuous process for developing the cell cultures with the biomaterials supports to implant the organs or any other clinical treatments. In 3D bioprinting, hydrogels are the most appropriating method among the various methods, but this technique is mainly related with suitable bio inks, rheology, and compatibility. From the various analyzing of precursor materials, hyaluronic acid was the best combinations in the scaffolding process because it has sufficient biodegradability, hydrophilicity, superior biological properties, and biocompatibility, and it would be most eager hydogels over the other alginate, collage, polyvinyl alcohol, fibrin, etc. In this research, hydrogel scaffold materials with various types, importance of mechanical strength, fabrication techniques, processing of polymerization, application of hydrogels, bio inking process and its properties, microenvironment of biomaterial cells, properties of hydrogels, biomaterials scaffold, and limitations were reviewed.