Pathomechanisms of Proteins in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in females of reproductive age. It is one of the main causes of infertility in females with a prevalence of 5-10%. PCOS is characterized by Oligo or anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. PCOS is also associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities, and cardiovascular diseases. The early diagnosis of PCOS is complicated and complex due to the overlapping symptoms of PCOS. Genetic variance, epigenetic changes, and disturbed lifestyles lead to the development of pathophysiological disturbances and disturbed lifestyles in women. At the molecular level, different proteins and molecular and signaling pathways are involved in disease progression. Proteomics is advantageous in linking both genotype and phenotype and contributing to biomarker discovery. Investigating the molecular mechanism and proteins underlying PCOS is imperative to gain insight into pathophysiology of PCOS and formulate novel diagnostic and treatment strategies.