Emerging Frontiers in Plant Breeding Molecular Markers and Nanopriming for Enhanced Crop Improvement

Abstract

Plant breeding plays a crucial role in improving plant genotypes and ensuring global food security. However, traditional breeding methods have limitations in effectively selecting traits, particularly quantitative traits, and can be time-consuming and unreliable. Breeders have introduced molecular markers into plant breeding practices to address these problems, resulting in the fields of “smart breeding,” “molecular breeding,” and “marker-assisted breeding.” To pinpoint the genetic areas that regulate desired features, a number of DNA-based molecular marker systems, including RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, SSR, and SNP, have been created. These markers eliminate the need for phenotype-based selection by streamlining the identification of target genomic areas based on genotypes.