Abstract
Worldwide, a great emphasis was put on the importance of becoming globally competitive with an economy based on knowledge while addressing unemployment and developing human capital through lifelong learning. Therefore, this chapter sought to review the international literature on KM and KE in the higher education context, to increase awareness and inform the development of HE strategies as well as future research. After presenting how the knowledge economy is influencing the higher education context in general, the chapter focus on the KM in HEIs. Apart from models of KM application, the literature revealed the need of embedding it on all structural levels and organisational culture. The importance of collaborative working and the development of communities of practice in universities is highlighted very well, as well as the benefits of digitalization. The chapter concluded with a brief discussion and an outline of the main points.