Biological Control of Nematodes in Citrus Orchards

Abstract

There are various challenges facing citrus orchards, including abiotic and biotic threats. In citrus orchards, nematodes are one of the significant biotic stressors that cause severe threats on growth and fruiting of citrus trees. Managing nematodes in citrus orchards reduces tree decline, decreasing various hazards of chemical nemacides on environment and humanity. Using biological control enhances tree growth, improves productivity, and protects the environment. There are different methods to manage the nematode problem in different crops, including physical techniques, crop rotation, resistant varieties, in addition to biological control. Using multiple strategies to control nematodes is beneficial and safer through reducing the use of nematicides and utilizing environmentally friendly substances, which are safer for human health and protect the environment. Presently, there is more interest in using organic nematicides to control plant-parasitic nematodes because of their positive impacts on crop productivity, soil, and the environment.