Affiliation:
1. Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal, Morocco
2. Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
Abstract
Astrocytes, once considered passive support cells in the central nervous system, are now recognized as dynamic contributors to neuronal processes. They play pivotal roles in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitability, and influencing synapse formation. These non-neuronal cells release gliotransmitters like glutamate, affecting synaptic activity. Dysfunctions in astrocytes are linked to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, astrocytic dysfunction plays distinct roles. While astrocytes may not significantly contribute to Alzheimer's progression, they are involved in neuroinflammation, Aβ metabolism, and calcium regulation. Conversely, in Parkinson's, astrocytes contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, impacting dopaminergic neurons. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on the intricate and multifaceted roles of astrocytes in cognition and their potential implications for therapeutic interventions in neurological and psychiatric conditions.