Theoretical Foundations of Soil Ecology and Land Resources

Abstract

This chapter examines the interaction of plant ecology with the environment and the environmental impacts of agriculture. Plant ecology is a scientific field focused on understanding how plants adapt to their growing environments, their roles within ecosystems, relationships among plants, and responses to environmental factors. Agriculture is a comprehensive process involving various methods for producing food, feed, fiber, and other products through plant cultivation and animal husbandry. Ecological agriculture aims to manage soil, water, and biological resources more effectively and sustainably while preserving ecosystem processes and biodiversity. Principles such as reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, natural pest control, diversified crop rotations, and sustainable water management contribute to the sustainability of agricultural areas and the conservation of global biodiversity. This study analyzes the environmental impacts of agriculture on a large scale and emphasizes the contributions of ecological agriculture to the sustainability of agricultural areas and the preservation of global biodiversity.