Exploring Cancer Immunotherapy and the Promise of Cancer Vaccine

Abstract

The goal of immunotherapy is to enhance the immune system by managing the immunological-mediated microenvironment, which makes it possible for immune cells to locate and destroy tumour cells at vital nodes. In the tumor microenvironment, immune responses against tumour cells are reduced when these cells take up immune-regulatory mechanisms. An environment that suppresses the immune system is facilitated by immune cells, including regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, dendritic cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In a number of cancer types, adoptive immune cells and immune checkpoint modulators have shown impressive anticancer benefits. Tumour growth is facilitated in large part by immune cells found in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Tumour growth may be stimulated or inhibited by these cells. The ability of the immune system to elude detection by cancer cells offers new possibilities for innovative cancer treatment strategies.