Affiliation:
1. Yadavindra Department of Engineering, India
Abstract
Specified wireless communication techniques and tools are employed to transfer useful information among multiple users. This chapter reveals a comprehensive analysis of a unique multi-standard hybrid fractal antenna designed by exploiting the advantages of distinct fractal geometries. In this work, a novel hybrid fractal design is produced by iterating two specific fractal patterns consecutively. One pattern is applied at the boundary of the structure, and the other pattern is applied at the inner portion. The designed structure exhibits an area of 32 x 32 mm2. On the back-side, a reduced ground plane of area 15 x 32 mm2 is placed. Based on few geometric parameters, FR4 epoxy material is selected. The design evolution of the sophisticated structure is revealed step by step in the chapter. The geometrical construction of a resultant antenna begins with a square patch of sidelength 26 mm. Same procedure is followed further, and the suggested radiator adopts three iterations. The microstrip feed is located at the point that is computed using artificial neural network. Results demonstrate that the resonances appear at 10.68, 14.31, 17.34, 20.47, 24.26, and 28.65 GHz. At the respective resonances, the related S11 value is -18.03, -14.67, -22.86, -25.66, -54.10, and -13.36 dB. The reported -10 dB impedance bandwidth at the respective bands is 650, 2060, 6040, 2220, and 1300 MHz. The frequency points are precisely controlled. The achieved gain values are admirable. For better understanding, surface current distribution is also illustrated that describes radiation behavior of an antenna.