Affiliation:
1. Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, India
Abstract
The quality of marine environments is influenced by a range of anthropogenic and natural hazards, which may adversely affect human health, living resources, and the general ecosystem. The most common anthropogenic wastes found in marine environments are dredged spoils, sewage, and industrial and municipal discharges. These wastes generally contain a wide range of pollutants, notably heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and others. Real-time measurements of pollutants, toxins, and pathogens across a range of spatial scales are required to adequately monitor these hazards, manage the consequences, and to understand the processes governing their magnitude and distribution. Significant technological advancements have been made in recent years for the detection and analysis of such marine hazards. This chapter aims to review the availability and application of sensor technology for the detection of marine hazards and for observing marine ecosystem status.