Antibiotics and Ecological Disruption

Abstract

The extensive use of antibiotics over the past 80 years has improved technology, averted millions of deaths, and eradicated numbers of dangerous bacteria. The ecological changes brought about by antibiotics in human-associated bacteria and their functional implications are now beginning to become clear to us. There is mounting evidence that antibiotics have an impact on our ability to fight infections. So, it's more crucial than ever that to review this approach to using antibiotics. Two emerging biological contaminants, i.e., ARB and ARGs, are ubiquitously detected, and affect human health and perish the ecological system. Industrial effluent and semi-metabolized antibiotic residues from human faeces are allowed to leave into municipal wastewater which in turn triggers the selections of ARB and ARGs. This review will address the overview of antibiotic resistance and its cytotoxic effects on the environment, the detection methods of ARGs and ARB and the remediation methods to overcome these challenges along with futuristic approaches to combat these problems.