Challenges and Limitations of Generative AI in Education

Abstract

This chapter presents a comprehensive literature review to identify the challenges and limitations of using generative artificial intelligence (GAI) in education. As a result of screening seven major citation databases, 476 studies were reached. Analysis was carried out on 25 studies selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results showed that research on using GAI in education is mostly conducted at the higher education level. The number of studies focusing on lower levels of education is quite low. The challenges and limitations of artificial intelligence are more about general education rather than focusing on a specific discipline. ChatGPT was the most investigated GAI tool. The challenges and limitations of using GAI in education are grouped under five factors: ethics and safety; educational implementations; assessment and evaluation; equity and access; quality control and expertise.