Affiliation:
1. Penn State University, USA
2. University of the Center of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Abstract
Science can shape beliefs, behaviors, and societal structures globally. Recently, the concept of science diplomacy (SD) has gained prominence. However, SD has faced criticism for overlooking power dynamics inherent in diplomatic agendas. Countries from the Global South have begun integrating SD strategies. Yet, there is a gap in understanding the diplomacy for science dimension captured by the formal agreements these nations are pursuing. This chapter addresses this gap by examining SD initiatives from Argentina, Chile, and Colombia with major economic powers like the United States, the European Union, and China. Using a comparative case study research design this chapter identifies and categorizes formal agreements from leading scientific agencies between 2018 and 2023. It also builds a taxonomy of science diplomacy instruments. It concludes that despite a historical subordination to the science diplomacy agendas of the economic powers, Argentina, Chile, and Colombia are emerging as proactive partners, transitioning from recipients to viable collaborators in training and research.