Affiliation:
1. Lincoln University College, Malaysia
Abstract
Animal ethics encompasses moral, legal, and ethical standards governing human interactions with animals, including pre-clinical research and industrial settings. Animal welfare assesses animals' well-being and adaptability. Scientific evaluation of welfare has been significant, with scientists and philosophers working together to define the appropriate relationship between humans and animals. This chapter focuses on navigation ethics and animal welfare. It begins with an introduction to animal research ethics. Then, it delves into the general application, issues and development of animal ethics. The subsequent part highlights animal ethics in cellular agriculture and food production. It then discusses the connection between animal ethics and animal welfare. The chapter concludes with an overview of the challenges, limitations and prospects of integrating animal ethics and animal welfare. This review aims to provide new perspectives on ethics and animal welfare for researchers, policymakers, regulators, and others involved in animal research and welfare fields.