State-of-the-Art Review of Various Off-Grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Rural Area Electrical Applications

Abstract

Renewable energy systems serve as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, deriving from natural ongoing energy flows in our surroundings. These systems encompass the production, storage, transmission, distribution, and consumption of energy. Renewable energy systems offer numerous advantages, such as reliability, environmental friendliness, absence of harmful emissions or pollutants, low or zero carbon and greenhouse gas emissions, reduced maintenance compared to non-renewable sources, cost savings, job creation, and independence from refueling requirements. This chapter provides an overview of various types of renewable energy systems, with a focus on solar/wind/battery or solar/wind/diesel with battery storage integrated energy systems. This chapter also covers the technical and economic aspects of different types of HRES and their comparative results. Based on the findings of this review, the chapter proposes a novel configuration for an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system designed for electrification in rural areas