Evaluating the Political Communicative Approach of the European Union and the United States Towards Russia Since the Russian Invasion of Ukraine

Abstract

This chapter investigated if communication between the European Union, the United States, and Russia has changed since the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A comparative mixed-method approach based on the philosophies of liberalism, realism, and social constructivism has been employed to achieve this. Frequency analysis and ideological analysis of speeches and declarations made by influential people from the European Union and the United States were combined to create the mixed technique. The key finding of this chapter is that since the commencement of the conflict, the communication between both players has evolved from a liberal stance to a more realistic standpoint. The fundamental contrast between the actors was evident before the conflict when the European Union adopted a predominantly liberal strategy while the United States adopted a mixed approach of liberalism and realism. The shifting nature of the world might explain the altered communicative strategy.