Nutrition-Mediated Immunity in Autoimmune Disorders at Molecular Pharmacological Approach

Abstract

In autoimmune disorders (AD), innate defenses are inborn abilities of the immune system to detect, attack, and eliminate (or at least restrain) pathogenic invaders. In summary, micronutrients are essential for fine-tuning the development and function of immune cells. Altered homeostasis of micronutrients as seen in various autoimmune diseases could critically influence immunity and promote autoimmune dysregulations. The geo-epidemiological distribution of autoimmune diseases (ADs), their correlation with socioeconomic status, and their rapid increase in developed countries, together with observations in migrant populations, suggest that environmental factors, rather than genetic ones, are chiefly driving these evolutionary processes. This also paves the way for adaptive immune recognition that provides long-lasting immunity. The co-stimulation signals ensure nonreactivity when encountering self-antigens, in which case peripheral tolerance (through deletion or energy) would be induced. However, it is complicated how deviations would occur and specifically, how the breach of self-tolerance and autoimmunity would develop different antigen-based disorders.