A Prospective Study on Phenylephrine and Glycopyrrolate for Hemodynamics in Cesarean Delivery Under Spinal Anesthesia

Abstract

During routine caesarean births, spinal anaesthesia causes hemodynamic reactions that complicate anaesthesia. Hypotension and bradycardia can harm the mother and foetus. This prospective study examined the safety and efficacy of intravenous glycopyrrolate and phenylephrine in decreasing these responses. Phenylephrine (n = 53), glycopyrrolate (n = 55), and control (Placebo) were randomly assigned to 162 elective caesarean deliveries under spinal anaesthesia. Hemodynamic parameters, maternal bradycardia and hypotension, neonatal outcomes, side effects, and mother satisfaction were assessed. Phenylephrine and glycopyrrolate reduced maternal hypotension compared to the control group (15 percent for phenylephrine, 11 percent for glycopyrrolate, and 33 percent for control). Similarly, maternal bradycardia decreased in intervention groups (7 percent in phenylephrine, 5 percent in glycopyrrolate, and 17 percent in control). Phenylephrine and glycoproscarcinol enhanced neonatal outcomes with higher Apgar ratings at one and five minutes. In the intervention groups, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, and maternal discomfort decreased. Using phenylephrine and glycopyrrolate increased maternal satisfaction. Intravenous glycopyrrolate and phenylephrine regulate hemodynamic responses after spinal anaesthesia caesarean birth. These interventions reduce bradycardia and hypotension in mothers, improving mother and infant comfort and health. The good safety record and better mother satisfaction underline the need to tailor anaesthesia to each parturient. Phenylephrine and glycopyrrolate may improve the safety and satisfaction of women and their newborns during caesarean deliveries, but further research is needed to solve research limitations.