Affiliation:
1. Aksaray University, Turkey
Abstract
Curriculum development shapes educational values, information, and skills, evolving through classical, modern, and postmodern paradigms. The classical paradigm, rooted in Greek and Roman values, emphasized virtue, moral education, and cultural legacy, focusing on literature, philosophy, mathematics, and physical education. The modernist paradigm shifted to positive sciences, emphasizing cognitive skills, critical thinking, and subject specialization, with teachers acting as facilitators. The postmodern paradigm criticizes the modernist focus on empirical assessments and teacher autonomy reduction, advocating for a flexible, pluralistic curriculum. This field is broad and complex, often described as confusing due to its interdisciplinary nature, requiring an understanding of sociology, psychology, economics, and epistemology. In summary, curriculum studies encompass a wide range of ideas and approaches, shaped by historical paradigms and contemporary challenges.
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