Transformative Nanotechnology Applications in Soil Remediation and Ecosystem Restoration

Abstract

The soil's composition, structure, and nutrients have altered throughout time. These changes are natural and anthropogenic. Economic, environmental, and social benefits, including ecosystem services, come from restoring degraded land and exploiting marginal land. Most physiochemical remedies for damaged land are difficult, costly, and time-consuming. Nano-remediation and nano-restoration are novel, efficient, cost-effective, eco-friendly, and dependable for toxin remediation and risk reduction. The high surface area/volume ratio, increased reactivity, customizable physical qualities, and adaptability of nanoscale entities make them attractive for soil remediation. Different nanomaterials (NMs) and nanotools can clean up pollutants. Both foreign chemicals and polluted location affect these methods. Decontaminating soil contaminants with nanoscale entities reduces their detrimental effects on humans, plants, and animals. It also discusses nanoparticles (NPs) and ex- and in-situ cleanup. The authors discuss nanoscale item uses in soil remediation and land restoration in this chapter.