Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride Deficiency

Abstract

Sodium, potassium, and chloride are the main electrolytes that are crucial in maintaining body homeostasis in human bodies, with essential roles in fluid balance and normal function of muscles and nerves. Deficiency of any of these electrolytes can cause disruption to body systems and may lead to severe health consequences. Clinical signs and symptoms of these deficiencies can be organ specific but also systemic; hence, this should be followed up with assessments of serum electrolyte levels which are essential in identifying electrolyte imbalances. However, this must be coupled with other biochemical assessments to determine the cause of deficiency. Common causes include inadequate intake and pathological conditions. Understanding important food sources for these nutrients and monitoring patients with these pathological conditions are useful in preventing electrolyte imbalances especially in high-risk populations. The management of electrolyte deficiencies is complex and requires consideration of the cause, consequences, and severity of the disease.