Abstract
An anonymous credit card system and an electronic cash (e-cash) system are developed while exploiting ITLs and anonymous tag based credentials. Both systems enable entities to make their purchases without disclosing their identities; also they disable anyone other than the entities themselves to link their consecutive purchases. Nevertheless, ITLs in the credit card system enable card companies to calculate correct total expenditure amounts of individual cardholders without invading any privacy of honest cardholders. Because of anonymous tag based credentials, entities in the developed e-cash system can also use e-cash that had been paid to them by others, and they can receive changes from others in e-cash, under both online and offline environments.
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