Affiliation:
1. The University of Tennessee, USA
Abstract
This chapter is aimed at introducing the fundamentals of three-dimensional (3D) imaging to scientists, students, and practitioners while also documenting recent developments in the ability to rapidly digitize real-world environments. We begin with a survey of popular 3D sensing options and list factors that challenge 3D imaging in outdoor environments. The survey guides the reader towards the choice of a 3D sensor for his or her application of interest. Then, we describe 3D data acquisition strategies and integration methodologies for multi-view range data from laser scanners, multi-view image data from cameras mounted on a mobile platform and multi-sensor localization based 3D mapping. We explain the steps involved in creating 3D models from raw sensor data for each of these data acquisition strategies. Finally, we document research results obtained in the Imaging, Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville from 3D imaging prototypes developed for automated pavement runway inspection and urban mapping.
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