Alkalophiles

Author:

Mevada Vishal Arvindlal1,Beladiya Urvisha Himmatbhai2,Gandhi Himani Rajendrakumar3,Mangrola Amitsinh Vijaysinh4,Patel Rajesh Kanjibhai2

Affiliation:

1. Directorate of Forensic Science, Gandhinagar, India

2. Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, India

3. Christ College, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, India

4. Shri Alpesh N. Patel Post Graduate Institute of Science and Research, Anand, India

Abstract

Alkalophiles are a class of extremophiles capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. At such high pH, the normal cellular functions are detrimentally affected for mesophilic organisms. The alkalophiles successfully manage stability of DNA, plasma membrane, and function of cytosolic enzymes, as well as other unfavorable physiological changes at such an elevated pH. A recent development in NextGen sequencing technology facilitates identifying uncultivable organisms amongst the extreme environments. In recent years, distribution of alkalophiles was reported from Soda Lake, marine environments, saline deserts, and natural thermal vents to natural water bodies. Although alkalophiles were first reported in 1889, their enzymatic and industrial applications still make them an interesting area of research. This chapter provides basic information on environmental distribution, taxonomy, physiology, bioenergetics, and survival mechanism and enzymes produced by alkalophilic organisms.

Publisher

IGI Global

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