Developing a South Asian Version of an Implementation Instrument for Understanding the Policy Implementation

Abstract

This study is divided into two phases: translation and the testing of NoMAD. Researchers adopted a four-step approach: forward and backward translation, expert reviews for the test, and improvement of content validity. The translated version was then adopted for understanding the implementation of social distancing in the context of Covid-19 in Pakistan. To analyze the scale validity of U-NoMAD, researchers calculated the Cronbach alpha value through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis approach and analyzed the U-NoMAD strength through a step-wise evaluation process – convergent validity and individual item validity, discriminant validity, and model significance. The initial factor analysis model showed a good fit for coherence and cognitive participation and an unsatisfactory fit for collective action and reflexive monitoring. The results confirmed the NoMAD structure in the Pakistani healthcare settings to acceptable standards. So, the U-NoMAD instrument is valuable in evaluating complex and innovative healthcare interventions.