Use of Trypanotolerant Breeds

Abstract

This chapter describes the meaning of trypanotolerance and its implication as used with trypanotolerant livestock that are known and studied for many years in West Africa. This trait is observed in many West African breeds of cattle that survive in areas of tsetse fly challenge where the humped zebu cannot. Small ruminants and wildlife also exhibit increased resistance to infection with trypanosomes. Trypanotolerance is viewed as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly approach to control of trypanosomiasis given the limitations of the present methods of control and lack of vaccine. Little work has been conducted with East African cattle breeds. The Kenyan Orma Boran (OB) has been studied since 1983 to enhance its conservation and utilization in East African region. Nucleus breeding herd of superior genotypes was multiplied in Galana Agricultural Development Corporation (ADC) and disseminated to trypanosomosis endemic areas of Kenya. On evaluation, performance of the crosses was comparable to that of other Borans. Challenges of adoption in pastoral area are presented.