Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with profound anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and endocrine changes that affect multiple organs and systems. One fertilized egg cell implanted in the lining of uterus initiates countless bodily changes. Secretion of ovarian hormones increases greatly. The bone marrow produces more RBCs and blood volume increases. The heart enlarges slightly to handle an extra supply of blood and shifts its position as uterus enlarges with the growing fetus. Such changes are necessary to help women adapt to the pregnant state and to support the growth and survival of the fetus. Such anatomical and physiological changes can also create confusion during a pregnant woman's clinical review. Likewise, changes in the biochemistry of blood during pregnancy may cause difficulties in interpreting tests. Hence, there is need to understand the deviation from normal anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and endocrine changes occurring during pregnancy so as to plan appropriate strategies for better maternal and fetal health.
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