Parkinson's Disease

Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive impairments. This is a condition of degeneration of substantia nigra of basal ganglia. Parkinsonism adversely influences the mental health of the person too. Parkinson's disease was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson. Parkinsonism patients may get severe complications like cognitive deficiency, which include loss of memory, attention difficulties, visual abnormalities, slow thinking, problems with word finding, and motor symptoms. Symptoms of this disease range from Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) to Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). The primary motor symptoms are trembling in hands, arms, legs, jaw, and face; rigidity or stiffness of the limbs and trunk; slowness of movement; postural instability; and impaired balance and coordination. Studies on treatments of Parkinson's disease are progressing to prevent complications and sustain the normal functions of patients.